英语单项填空考点——时态

【考点揭密】动词时态是各类英语考试的必考内容。英语中共有16种时态。依据各种时态在不同考题里出现次数的多少依次排列并将其用法简述如下：

1. 现在完成时：(1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响。(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态；(3) 在时间或条件状语从句中代替将来完成时(该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前)。注意：(1) 常与“for+时间段”，“since+时间点”，及so far, in the last / past few years, it is the first time that等连用; (2) 不与具体的过去时间状语或when连用；(3) 终止性动词在肯定句中不可与时间段连用。

2. 一般过去时：(1) 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态；(2) 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作；(3) 在状语从句中代替过去将来时。注意：(1) 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结；(2) 注意在语境中理解“我刚才 / 原来还不…”，如Sorry, I didn’t know you were here.

3. 一般现在时：(1) 表示目前的特征或状态；(2) 客观存在及普遍真理；(3) 经常性或习惯性的动作；(4) 在状语从句中表示将来；(5) 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作(常有时间状语)。

4. 过去进行时：(1) 表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作；(2) 某些动词可表示过去将来；(3) 表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。

5. 过去完成时：(1) 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”；(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态；(3) 表示未曾实现的希望或打算(hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时+to do)；(4) 用于下列句型中：hardly…when, no sooner…than, It / That was the first time that…, It was+时间段+since…等。

6. 现在进行时：(1) 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作；(2) 某些动词(如，go, come, leave, start)的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作；(3) 同always, often, forever等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气；(4) 像be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to等动词一般不用于进行时。

7. 一般将来时：表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。可用will / shall、be going to, be about to, be to 加动词原形表示，有时还用一般现在时或现在进行时表示。

8. 过去将来时：表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情。

9. 现在完成进行时：表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作。

【命题热点】近年来对时态考查的热点：一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时和过去进行时。

【应试策略】1. 在了解八种时态的用法和构成的基础上，通过教材中每个单元第一课的情景对话，留心英语母语者在实际生活中是如何使用各种时态的，从而领悟时态用法的真谛。2. 答题时要研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息。

【真题精选】(按考点规律排列)

1. —How long _____David and Vicky _____married?

—For about four years.

      A. were; being         B. have; got              C. have; been          D. did; get

2. I wonder why Jenny _____us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A. hasn’t written  B. doesn’t write  C. won’t write  D. hadn’t written

3. The price ______but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down  B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down

4. —Who is Jerry Cooper?

—______? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A. Don’t you meet him yet     B. Hadn’t you met him yet

C. Didn’t you meet him yet    D. Haven’t you met him yet

5. —_____my glasses?

—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you see    B. Had you see  

C. Would you see  D. Have you seen

6. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _____.

A. has grown    B. is growing     C. grew              D. had grown

7. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _____it.

      A. doesn’t mention        B. hadn’t mentioned            

C. didn’t mention           D. hasn’t mentioned

8. —You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

—I’m sorry I _____anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A. wasn’t saying  B. don’t say  C. won’t say  D. didn’t say

9. —Nancy is not coming tonight. 

—But she______!

A. promises    B. promised     C. will promise  D. had promised

10. —Your phone number again? I _____quite catch it.

—It’s 9568442.

A. didn’t      B. couldn’t      C. don’t      D. can’t

11. I _____ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A. will play   B. have played   C. played       D. play

12. —You’re drinking too much.

—Only at home. No one _____me but you.

A. is seeing      B. had seen      C. sees        D. saw

13. —Can I help you, sir?

—Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ________.

A. didn’t work    B. won’t work    C. can’t work    D. doesn’t work

14. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ______at a radio shop at that time.

A. has worked  B. was working  C. had been working  D. had worked

15. Shirley _____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

A. has written   B. wrote     C. had written      D. was writing

16.—Hey, look where you are going!

—Oh, I’m terribly sorry._______.

A. I’m not noticing  B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed  D. I don’t notice

17. The reporter said that the UFO _____east to west when he saw it.

A. was travelling  B. travelled  C. had been travelling  D. was to travel

18. The little girl _____her heart out because she _____her toy bear and believed she wasn’t going to find it.

A. had cried; lost     B. cried; had lost

C. has cried; has lost    D. cries; has lost

19. John and I _____friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____each other a couple of times before that.

A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seen

C. had been; had seen       D. have been; had seen

20. Helen _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.

A. has left; comes          B. left; had come 

C. had left; came           D. had left; would come

21. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____so rapidly.

A. is changing  B. has changed  C. will have changed  D. will change

22. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _____ my mum.

A. am taking     B. have taken   C. take         D. will have taken

23. —Is this raincoat yours?

—No, mine _____there behind the door.

A. is hanging    B. has hung    C. hangs       D. hung

24. It _____long before we _____the result of the experiment.

A. will not be; will know              B. is; will know

      C. will not be; know                     D. is; know

25. —You’ve left the light on. —Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.

A. I’ll go      B. I’ve gone     C. I go         D. I’m going

26. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

—I_____, but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had         B. would     C. was going to   D. did

27. —Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

—I am tired. I ______the living room all day.

A. painted      B. had painted

C. have been painting  D. have painted

    【真题详解】

1. C。由For about four years可知，要用现在完成时，排除A和D；与时间段连用，不可用get married, 要用be married。

2. A。由recently和by now可知用现在完成时。

3. C。后文(will remain so)暗示物价已经降下来了。

4. D。由I saw...可知meet发生在过去，且强调对现在的影响：你不是已经和他见过面了吗？

5. D。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响：问话人的目的是想知道眼镜在哪里。

    6. C。紧张伴随等的过程而产生，应同时发生，waited是一般过去时，grow也用一般过去时。

7. C。只描述过去所发生的情况，但没有强调对现在的影响，用一般过去时。

8. D。用一般过去时是指“我刚才没急于说”。

9. B。“但她曾经答应要来的”，过去的许诺，故用一般过去时。

    10. A。“我刚才没有听清楚”；couldn’t指没有能力听懂。

11. D。“我的乒乓球是打得相当好的，但自新年以来还一直没有时间去打。”球打得好是现在已有的技能，故用一般现在时。

12. C。由only at home可知“我”只在家里喝得多，平时除你之外，没有人看见。

13. D。“昨天在这买的收音机，现在坏了。”work指机器设备的运作。

14. B。在三年前见到她时，她正在一家radio shop工作。

15. D。由“我不知道她是否已经写完了”推知，她去年“正在写”。

16. B。你提醒之前我没注意，即“我刚才没有注意”。

17. A。过去进行时表示报告人当时所看到的情景。

18. D。由believed知cry和lose都发生在过去；显然先丢后哭，丢是过去的过去。另外，cried与believed 为并列谓语，同为过去式。

19. D。到目前为止成为朋友八年，用现在完成时；在那次晚会相识成为朋友之前已经见过几次面，用过去完成时。

20. C。leave应发生在had to wait这个过去动作之前，“过去的过去”用过去完成时；后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。

21. A。选择移动电话不容易，因为科学技术正在迅速发展。

22. A。现在进行时表示计划或安排将要发生的动作。

23. A。hang表示某物“悬挂”在某处，是不及物动词；is hanging正悬挂在。

24. C。句意为：不久之后我们就会知道实验结果。在句型It is not long before…(不久之后就…)中，before引导的是时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。

25. A。从语境很容易判断用将来时。表示临时的决定只能用will；再说，going也不能与turn并列。

26. C。was going to do表示未完成的意愿：本打算做(但却没有做成)。would无此用法。

27. C。表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，要用现在完成进行时。all day是关系词。