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定语从句之专题一:从定语从句原理可以推导出定语从句的绝大部分规则 | |||||||||||||
作者:高 伟 文章来源:本站原创 点击数 更新时间:2017-07-20 文章录入:admin 责任编辑:admin | |||||||||||||
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定语从句之专题一 从定语从句原理可以推导出定语从句的绝大部分规则 定语从句之专题一:从定语从句原理可以推导出定语从句的绝大部分规则 (本文节选自高伟《魔方英语语法》第十一章第四节。已经登记版权,请勿用于商业用途。)
什么是定语从句?修饰名词/代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词/代词叫做先行词。 如,This is the boy who won the first prize.(This is the boy.是主句。who won the first prize是定语从句。the boy是先行词。who是引导词。) 一.定语从句原理 学习定语从句,首先要搞清楚把简单句变为定语从句的三个步骤。 其次,在此基础上,搞清楚定语从句的先行词与引导词的三种关系。 最终,把以上两块内容汇总为“定语从句的先行词与引导词总表”。 下边具体讲解。 1.如何把简单句变为定语从句?分为三个步骤:同指,替换,前移。 ①同指。找出两句中指代同一事物的名词或代词。(并根据句意确定该把哪句变为定语从句)。 ②替换。用疑问词替换这个名词/代词(或含有这个名词/代词的结构)。 ③前移。把疑问词(或含有疑问词的结构)提前到句首。 例句(两个简单句变为“主句+定语从句”) Step①This is the house. He lived in the house. (两个简单句) Step②This is the house. He lived in which (替换the house) Step②This is the house. He lived where (替换in the house) (可见,可以替换名词,也可以替换“介词+名词”) Step③This is the house which he lived in. (把which提前) Step③This is the house in which he lived. (把in which提前) (可见,可以把代词提前,也可以把“介词+代词”提前) Step③This is the house where he lived. (把where提前) (可见,先行词是名词时,引导词可能是代词,也可能是副词,这得根据所作成分而定。) 2.先行词与引导词的三种关系。先行词(不管是名词还是代词),总是名词性的,而相应的引导词则有三种可能:名词性代词,形容词性代词,副词。见下表,
为什么有时先行词与引导词的词性不对等呢(如,先行词是名词,而引导词是副词)?因为,类似于“对划线部分提问”,对含有名词的结构提问,而非对名词提问。如,先行词是the house,对the house 提问,则引导词用which,对含有名词的结构in the house提问,则引导词用where。所以,引导词并非只代替名词,而是代替名词或含有名词的结构。分为三种情况:①名词,用代词代替。②“介词+名词”,用副词代替。③名词所有格,用whose代替。本节的二/三/四/五/六,其实反复讲的就是这个意思。 例句(先行词与引导词的三种关系) ●①This is the house.He lived in the house.→This is the house which he lived in.(引导词是名词性代词)(对名词提问。he lived in the house→he lived in which→which he lived in) ●②This is the house.The house’s roof is under repair.→This is the house whose roof is under repair.(引导词是形容词性代词)(对名词所有格提问。the house’s roof is under repair→whose roof is under repair) ●③This is the house.He lived in the house.→This is the house where he lived.(引导词是副词)(对介词短语提问。he lived in the house→he lived where→where he lived) |
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