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虚拟语气用法详解
作者:陈根花  文章来源:本站原创  点击数  更新时间:2008-08-06  文章录入:admin  责任编辑:admin

 

虚拟语气用法详解

 

     ■本站特约作者 陈根花

 

一、 条件句中的虚拟语气

1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

时间

     从句谓语形式

   主句谓语形式

 

将来

动词过去式(bewere)

should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形

 

would / should / might / could + 动词原形

现在

动词过去式(be were)

would / should / might / could + 动词原形

过去

had +动词过去分词

would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词

       

       2.  条件句中的虚拟语气的举例

(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:

If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。

If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。

(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:

If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的。

If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉。

(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:

If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了。

If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生。

 

3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题

(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中,只能用 were。如:

Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习。

If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会。

(2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。

从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了

If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。

从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如:

If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好。

If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了。

 

点击→英语疑难问题·综合解答

 

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