高考复习最值得注意的五种省略类型

省略是英语中一种很常见的语法现象，使用比较普遍，情况比较复杂，但针对高考英语的复习备考来说，以下几类省略用法值得特别注意。

一、涉及并列句的省略

在并列句中，如果所连接的两个句子具有相同的句子成分，在不影响句意表达的情况下，通常可以省略后一成分中的相同词语或结构。如：

Wise men have their mouth in their heart, and fools their heart in their mouth. 智者嘴在心里，蠢人心在嘴上。（and fools 后省略了动词have）

She is not an emotional type and so cannot bring herself to tell him I love him. 她不是一个感情外露的人，因此不会主动告诉他她爱他。（and后省略了主语she）

【典型考题】根据句意和句子结构，在空格处填入适当的词语或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（每空限一词）：

(1) Some came by land and some ________ by water.

(2) On one side of the window is a mirror, and on the other ________ painting.

(3) Hundreds have been killed in the fighting and thousands ________ (make) homeless.

解析：第(1)题填by，为 and some came by water 之省略；第(2)填不定冠词a，为 and on the other side of the window is a painting 之省略；第(3)句填 made，为and thousands have been made homeless之省略。

二、涉及宾语从句的省略

这类省略尤其要注意的是，省略宾语从句后只保留引导宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词。如：

I’d like to help in some way, but I’m not sure how. 我想帮点忙，但不知道该怎么做。

I’ll call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where. 我会提前打电话给你，确定时间和地点。

【典型考题】根据句意和句子结构，在空格处填入适当的词语（每空限一词）：

(1) The system keeps crashing and no one is able to figure out ________.

(2) I’ve left my keys somewhere and I don’t exactly know ________.

(3) The patent was granted in (either) 1962 or 1963—I can’t quite remember ________.

解析：第(1)题填 why，表示原因，句意为“系统老是崩溃，谁也不知道是为什么”；第(2)题填 where，表示具体的某个地方；第(3)题填which，指记不清具体是哪一年。

三、涉及状语从句的省略

当状语从句的主语与主句主语相同且从句谓语包括动词be时，若不影响意思的表达，通常可以省略从句主语和动词be。这类状语从句主要涉及时间、条件、让步、地点、方式等状语从句。如：

Most pregnant women remain off cigarettes while carrying the child. 大多数孕妇都在孕期戒了烟。（在while后省略了they are）

If caught, the thief could face up to five years in prison. 如果被捉拿归案，这个小偷可能面临至多5年的监禁。（在if后省略了he is）

【典型考题】根据句意和句子结构，在空格处填入适当的词语或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（每空限一词）：

(1) Are you providing a first-class service? If ________, why not?

(2) Once ________ (see), such things can never be forgotten.

(3) If ________ (accept) for this post, you will be informed by May 1st.

(4) Take about 60mg up to four times a day, unless ________ (advise) otherwise by a doctor.

解析：第(1)填not，相当于 if you aren’t providing a first-class service之省略；第(2)题填seen，为 they are seen 之省略；第(3)题填accepted，为you are accepted 之省略；第(4)题填advised，为you are advised之省略。

四、涉及主句的省略

在对话中，有时为了避免重复，可以只保留从句的内容而将整个主句省略掉。如：

“How long will you stay here?” “Until we have finished all the work.” “你在这里要待多久？”“要一直待到我们把所有工作都干完。”（Until前省略了主句I will stay here）

“Do you often do exercise in the morning?” “Yes, if I have time.” “你早上经常搞锻炼吗？”“是的，有时间就锻炼。”（if前省略了主句I do exercise in the morning）

【典型考题】根据句意和句子结构，在空格处填入适当的词语（每空限一词）：

(1) “Will you go there with them?” “Yes, ________ my parents don’t let me.”

(2) “Can I use the office phone for private things?” “Yes, as ________ as you don’t make a habit of it.”

解析：第(1)题填 Unless，Unless my parents don’t let me的意思是“除非我父母不让我去”。第(2)题填long，as long as you don’t make a habit of it 的意思是“只要不养成习惯就行”。

五、只保留否定词not的省略

有时前后两句句式相同，意思相反（前面为肯定表达，后面为否定表达），此时为简洁起见，通常可以将后面一句与前面一句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 not。如：

If you really like the house, buy it. If not, not. 你要是真喜欢这房子，就买了它。要是不喜欢，就别买。（If not, not为If you don’t like it, don’t buy it之省略）

“Will you help us with all this redecorating?” “No, not unless you pay me.” “你帮助我们做重新装饰房间的所有活计好吗?”“不行，除非你付给我工钱。”（not为I won’t help you with it之省略）

这类用法有些固定表达值得注意，如 I hope not, I’m afraid not, believe it or not, whether…or not, better not, not really, not exactly等等。

“Excuse me, sir, is the swimming pool open all day?” “Sorry, I’m afraid not. Only from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm.”“先生，请问游泳池整天开放吗？”“不好意思，恐怕不是。只有下午六点半到九点半开放。”

【典型考题】根据句意和句子结构，在空格处填入适当的词语（每空限一词）：

(1) “Do you mind my smoking here?” “Yes. Better ________.”

(2) I don’t know whether people will buy it or ________. 

(3) Ask her if it is a convenient time. If ________, can she suggest another possible time?

(4) “Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?” “I’m afraid ________. Wait till you are old enough, dear.”

解析：第(1)题填not，Better not 为 You’d better not smoke here之省略；第(2)题填not，此处为 whether…or not结构；第(3)题填not，if not 为 if it is not a convenient time之省略；第(4)题填not，I’m afraid not之I’m afraid you cannot go之省略。