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重点中学英语语法讲义-动名词
作者:HMYY  文章来源:本站原创  点击数  更新时间:2012-05-31  文章录入:admin  责任编辑:admin

 

(3) 发生在谓语动作之前:

Suddenly everybody stopped talking. 突然大家都停止谈话了。

I remember mailing the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。

After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。

注:动名词所表示的动作发生谓语动作之前,通常也与相关动词或介词等的含义有关。如动词forget(忘记)regret(后悔)remember(记住)stop(停止)finish(完成)admit(承认)等,它们后接动名词作宾语时,动名词所表示的动作通常都发生在谓动作之前。

(4) 没有明确的先后关系:

Teaching is learning. 教学相长。

The film is worth seeing a second time. 这部电影值得再看一次。

Learning a foreign language is not easy. 学会一门外语是不容易的。

2. 动名词完成式的用法

动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或状态:

He apologized for having broken his promise. 他因没遵守诺言表示道歉。

He forgot having promised to write her. 他忘了曾答应给她写信。

I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他们做过那样的事。

注:动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁)

I remember seeing [having seen] her somewhere. 我记得在什么地方见过她。

Excuse me for not answering [having answered] your letter earlier. 请原谅我没有早点给你回信。

有些不强调动作先后关系或句子本身已表明了先后关系的场合,通常用动名词的一般式:

Thank you for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这消息。

He has worked hard since leaving school. 自从离开学校以来他工作一直很努力。

3. 动名词被动式的用法

当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时,动名词则要用被动式:

He didn’t mind being left at home. 把他留在家里他并不介意。

It felt funny being called Grandmother. 被人叫作祖母感到怪怪的。

This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。

注:(1) 在表示需要的动词need, want, require后接动名词时,习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义(但若用不定式,则用被动式表示被动意义)

The outside of the house needs painting [to be painted] . 这房子外面需要油漆了。

The machine requires repairing [to be repaired]. 这机器需要修理了。

(2) be worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义:

This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。

The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。

4. 动名词的被动式

动名词的否定式是将否定词not置于动名词之前。若动名词为完成式或被动式,否定词not应置于整个结构之前:

Don’t be angry with me for not having written. 我没给你写信请别生我的气。

He said he so much regretted not being able to swim. 他说他对不会游泳感到非常遗憾。

注:若动名词带有逻辑主语,则否定词应置于逻辑主语之后:

I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。

Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。

 

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