英语写作常见错误例析(词性问题)

英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们在写作时稍不小心就酿成错误。如：

误用：Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck here during it was being repaired.

改为：Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck here while it was being repaired.

说明：during 是介词，后接名词或代词，不接句子。又如：He confidently authorized me to act for him while he is abroad. 他信任地委托我在他出国期间代行他的事务。

句意：不幸的是，我的车坏了，在修车的时候，我就被困在那里了。

误用：He used to be very anxious if he had to make a speech, even it was only a speech to his old school.

改为：He used to be very anxious if he had to make a speech, even if it was only a speech to his old school.

说明：从语义上看，even 和 even if都可表示“即使”，但是两者的词性不同：even 是副词，even if 是连词。比如：It was cold there even in July. 那里即使在七月，天气都很冷。Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。

句意：如果他要演讲，他总是焦急不安，哪怕演讲是在以前呆过的学校进行。

误用：With the cost of keeping money in the bank increases, so it’s spent faster.

改为：As the cost of keeping money in the bank increases, so it’s spent faster.

说明：虽然 with 和 as 均可表示“随着”，但词性不同：with 是介词，后接名词或代词，而 as 用于此义时是连词，后接句子。比较：He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。

句意：随着在银行存钱的费用增加，人们的钱花得也更快了。

误用：She crawled cross the floor, her eyes stinging from the smoke.

改为：She crawled across the floor, her eyes stinging from the smoke.

说明： across 和 cross 均可表示“横过”、“穿过”，但词性不同：across 是介词，cross 是动词。比较：cross the street 横过马路 / walk across the street 走过马路；cross a river 过河，渡河 / swim across a river 游过河

句意：她从地板上爬过去，眼睛被烟熏得直痛。

误用：We were driving around outside when unfortunately three old ladies emerged from the hotel and came straightly across in front of us.

改为：We were driving around outside when unfortunately three old ladies emerged from the hotel and came straight across in front of us.

说明：在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。straightly这个副词形式在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。又如：We enjoy fresh vegetables and fruit, straight from the garden: fresh orange juice, fresh fish, fresh bread. 我们享用直接从果菜园采摘的新鲜的蔬菜和水果、新鲜的橘汁、新鲜的鱼、新鲜的面包。

句意：我们正在外面开车兜风时，倒霉的是有三位老年妇女突然从饭店出来，直接从我们面前穿过。

误用：He fell down to the ground, his mouth open and eyes close.

改为：He fell down to the ground, his mouth open and eyes closed.

说明：open 和 close 均可用作动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：Please open your mouth.(请张开嘴)，Please close your mouth. (请闭上嘴)。但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”、“亲近的”等，而并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用 closed，即用作形容词时，open 与close 不是一对反义词，而与 closed 才是反义词。

句意：他倒在地上，嘴张开着，眼睛闭着。

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