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误用介词的三种情形
作者:陈穆嘉  文章来源:本站原创  点击数  更新时间:2010-02-28  文章录入:admin  责任编辑:admin

 

误用介词的三种情形

 

作者:陈穆嘉(湖南)

来源:《第二课堂(高中版)》,2005年第03期(pp16-20)

 

一、画蛇添足型——多用介词

多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:

1. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。

误:She discussed about her plans with her mother.

正:She discussed her plans with her mother.

析:discuss(讨论)是及物动词,其后可直接跟被讨论的东西作宾语,无需用介词 about, on 等。注意:名词形式的discussion(讨论)后则可接介词 about, on等,如:The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 学生们就这个问题讨论了很久。

2. 他提到那次事故了吗?

误:Did he mention about the accident?

正:Did he mention the accident?

析:mention(提及,谈到),是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

3. 我看见他进了房间。

误:I saw him enter into the room.

正:I saw him enter the room.

析:表示进入某一具体的场所、机构、建筑物等,enter是及物动词,其后一般不接介词 into。但是,若表示开始做某事、讨论或研究或处理某事、进入某各状态等,通常都用 enter into。如:He entered into business at the age of 25. 25岁进入商界。

4. 她同一位医生结了婚。

误:She married with [to] a doctor.

正:She married a doctor.

析:表示与某人结婚,marry 是及物动词,不要受汉语的影响,在其后误加介词 with to。比较:be [get] married to sb (同某人结婚)中用介词 to(仍不能按汉语意思用 with),这里的 married 可视为形容词。

5. 我怎样与你联系?

误:How can contact with you?

正:How can contact you?

析:contact 是及物动词,其意为……联系,不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注:contact的宾语除了是人外,也可以是地点,如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。顺便说一句,contact偶尔也用作不及物动词,其后不接宾语,意为联系,如:We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我们尽快安排了再次联系。但是要表示……联系contact便是及物的,其后无需用介词。

6. 现在计算机也开始为农业服务了。

误:Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.

正:Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.

析:serve ……服务解时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。又如:We must serve the people heart and soul. 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。

7. 谁管理这个工厂?

误:Who controls over the factory?

正:Who controls the factory?

析:control 用作动词,表示控制管理等,均为及物动词,其后不要受名词用法的影响而误加介词 over

8. 我问了她许多问题。

误:I asked her a good many of questions.

正:I asked her a good many questions.

析:与 a lot of, a great number of, a great deal of 等结构不同,a great many 后接名词时,通常不用介词 of,除非其后的名词带有限定词或是代词,如:a great many of the students(许多学生)a great many of them (他们当中的许多人)

9. 她用手掩面。

误:She covered over her face with her hands.

正:She covered her face with her hands.

析:cover(覆盖,盖住)是及物动词,其后用介词 over是多余的。

10. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。

误:If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.

正:If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

析:advertise for sth (sb) 意为登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise 是不及物动词);若要表示……登广告登广告宣传……”advertise 是及物动词, 其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。比较:The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。

 

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