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非常好,这两个是理解定语从句的核心概念,我们来分别解释:
一、什么是“先行词”(Antecedent)
✅ 定义:
先行词是定语从句所修饰的名词或代词,它通常在关系词之前,是定语从句的“前导对象”。
📌 举例:
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The man who is talking to Mary is my teacher. 👉 “the man” 是先行词,定语从句 “who is talking to Mary” 是来修饰 “the man” 的,告诉我们“哪一个男人”。
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I like the book that you gave me. 👉 “the book” 是先行词,从句 “that you gave me” 是定语从句,修饰 “the book”。
二、什么是“关系词”(Relative Word)
✅ 定义:
关系词是引导定语从句的词,用来连接先行词和从句,同时在从句中充当一个成分(如主语、宾语、定语、状语等)。
🔄 它有“双重作用”:
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连接主句和从句(连接词)
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在从句中充当语法成分(主语、宾语等)
📚 常见的关系词类型:
1. 关系代词(引导人或物,作主语、宾语、定语等):
| 词语 |
指代 |
在从句中充当 |
举例 |
| who |
人 |
主语 |
The boy who sits there is my cousin. |
| whom |
人 |
宾语 |
The girl whom you met is my sister. |
| whose |
所属 |
定语 |
The man whose car broke down is here. |
| which |
物 |
主/宾语 |
The book which is on the desk is mine. |
| that |
人/物 |
主/宾语 |
The cake that she made is delicious. |
2. 关系副词(表示时间、地点、原因等):
| 词语 |
表示 |
举例 |
| where |
地点 |
This is the place where we first met. |
| when |
时间 |
I remember the day when he arrived. |
| why |
原因 |
I don’t know the reason why she’s upset. |
✅ 总结小口诀:先行词在前要修饰,
关系词在后起联系;
代人用 who,代物 which,
人或物通用 that;
whose 表所属,whom 作宾语,
where when why 记关系副词。
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