all, every与each的用法与区别

一、从强调的侧重点来区分

三者都可用来概括全体，但强调重点不同：all(全部)是整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性)，every (每个)是考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all 很接近)，each (每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)。比较：

All players were very excited. 所有运动员都很兴奋。

Every player was very excited. 每个运动员都很兴奋。

He shook hands with each player in turn after the game. 比赛结束后，他同运动员一一握手。

二、从句法功能和词性来区分

all 和 each 既可作形容词(其后接名词)，也可用作代词(单独使用或后接 of 短语)；而 every 却只能用作形容词(其后接名词)，不能用作代词(即不能单独使用或后接 of 短语)。如：

正：All books are worth reading. 所有书都值得读。

正：All of the books are worth reading. 所有书都值得读。

正：Each book is interesting. 每本书都很趣。

正：Each of the books is interesting. 每本书都都很趣。

误：Every of the books is interesting.

误：Every is interesting.

三、从主谓一致方面来区分

each 和 every 之后通常接单数可数名词，且该结构用作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。如：

Each (man) does his own work. 各人做自己的工作。

Every student in our class is sure to pass the exam. 我们班的每个学生都肯定会通过考试。

若后接两个用 and 连接的名词，其谓语依然用单数。如：

Every [Each] man and woman knows it. 每个男人和女人都知道此事。

但是，each 可用于复数主语后作同位语，后面的谓语用复数。如：

The students each have a dictionary. 学生每人有一本字典。

四、从所涉及的范围来区分

each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every 指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each。如：

He has books in each hand. 他两只手都拿着书。

There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。

Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个小伙子走了进来，每人提着一只箱子。

五、从所接受的修饰语来区分

every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰，但 each 却不能。如：

Almost every family in the village owns a television. 村上几乎每家都有电视机。

Nearly every child in the school passed the swimming test. 这所学校几乎每一个儿童游泳都及格了。

差不多每个学生都读过这本书。

正：Almost every student has read the book.

误：Almost each student has read the book.