完形填空精准解题的“六字要诀”

作者：闫海燕（山西大同北岳中学）

来源：《第二课堂》（初中版）2017年第11期

完形填空是中考英语试题中一个综合性很强的题型，它既考查学生对词汇、语法、句型等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查学生对短文的阅读理解、分析判断、逻辑推理等能力，是许多同学最容易丢分的一道题。下同为同学们介绍能快速且精准解答英语完形填空题的“六字要诀”，希望对大家有所帮助。

一、略读

略读就是要快速通读全文，了解全文的大体脉络和体裁。第一遍要略读，不必急于选择答案，而是可以跳过选项通读全篇，了解短文中的时间、地点、人物及事件发生的大体过程。在阅读时要特别关注全文的首尾段，各段的首尾句，因为这些地方往往会是全文的主旨句，是画龙点睛之笔，利于掌握短文的主旨大意。

二、细读

通过略读，便可以在基本掌握短文大意的前提下细读全文，并结合上下文的内容、句子结构、固定搭配等进行斟酌，选择符合题意的选项。这一遍的阅读要遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则。既要考虑词的用法以及语法结构，又要考虑逻辑推理和背景知识等因素，选项要为文章的主题服务。

三、重读

在确定了选项之后，最后要带着答案重读一遍文章，这一步骤非常关键。重读文章要看句子是否顺畅，语法是否正确，内容是否与主题一致，表述是否符合英语的表达习惯，上下文的衔接是否合理。对有疑问的地方要仔细推敲，直到自己认为满意为止。

下面以2017年湖南省长沙市中考英语完形填空题为例，具体分析如何运用“六字要诀”解答完形填空题。

A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. The young daughter was a little bit tired, so they took a ___31___ on the bench (凳子). When the daughter saw an old man selling apples, she asked her father to buy her an apple. Her father didn’t bring much money with him, but it was enough to buy two apples. So he did, and gave ___32___ of them to his daughter, smiling.

His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could ___33___ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite (咬) from one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the ___34___ apple.

The father was ___35___. He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedy (贪婪的) way. He was lost in thought. Perhaps he was just thinking too much. His daughter was too ___36___ to understand about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face.

Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.” Her father was speechless. He felt ___38___ about making the judgment (判断) so quickly about a small child. But his smile ___39___ knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple.

Don’t judge anything or draw a conclusion (结论) too quickly. ___40___ spare some more time to understand things better.

31. A. walk                      B. shower                               C. break

32. A. both                      B. either                                  C. neither

33. A. cut                         B. wash                                   C. share

34. A. first                        B. second                               C. third

35. A. satisfied               B. surprised                            C. moved

36. A. brave                    B. silly                                     C. young

37. A. sweeter                B. bitterer                                C. saltier

38. A. proud                    B. great                                   C. bad

39. A. went away           B. came back                         C. ran off

40. A. Always                 B. Never                                  C. Seldom

第一步：略读

我们通过快速通读全文了解到，本文说的是一个父亲和他女儿因为两个苹果而引发的思考。本文的第二段很关键，His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could ___33___ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite (咬) from one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the ___34___ apple. 当女儿听到爸爸想要和她分享她的苹果时，女儿飞快地把她自己手里的苹果分别咬了一口。文章在这里出现疑问了，爸爸不解为什么会发生这样的情况，他猜测了发生这样事情的原因。可是，随着故事的发展，第三段的第一句话是另外一个关键点，我们在阅读的时候需要特别注意。Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.”，女儿的话排除了父亲的疑问，引出了全文的一个结论：我们不应该对一件事情很快地下结论，我们应该多花点时间去更好地了解事情的真相。

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