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定语从句之专题四(完):限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句(系统讲解内在原理) | ||||||||||
作者:高 伟 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2017-07-20 |
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一.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的对比 定语从句按照与先行词的关系远近(有没有逗号隔开),可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。反过来说,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的所有区别,都源于“有/无逗号”,无逗号则关系紧密,有逗号则关系松散。例如,①因为有逗号(较远),则可以修饰先行词或整个主句。无逗号则只能修饰先行词。②因为有逗号(较远),则不能代替或省略,否则容易引起歧义。 因为以前讲的都是限制性定语从句,所以,下边两个表格,主要记右列(非限制性定语从句)。 1.两种定语从句与先行词的关系不同。关键在于①,由①可以推导出②③。
注:which在定语从句中作表语时,也可以指人。(参看第四节.六.) ①例句(如何翻译限制性/非限制性定语从句) ●She has found the necklace which/that she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了两周前丢的项链。(其它时间丢的项链是否找到,没说) ●She has found the necklace, which she lost two weeks ago. 她已经找到那条项链,那条项链是两周前丢的。(只有一条项链) ②例句(某些泛指的先行词+限制性定语从句) ●That’s all that I could do at that time.(不定代词)。 ●She has nothing that is good to say.(复合不定代词)。 ②例句(某些特指的先行词+非限制性定语从句) ●I met John, who is my classmate.(专有名词) ●My computer, which my mother gave me last year, is still in good condition.(物主代词) ●This film, which I have read three times, is very instructive.(指示代词) ③例句(which可以指代整个主句) ●He is from the south, which we can know from his accent.(which指代He is from the south) (=We can know from his accent that he is from south.) ●I said nothing, which made him angry.(=That I said nothing made him angry.) ③例句(which可以指代this/that) ●I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone.(in that case→in which case) 我可能得晚点下班,那样的话我会打电话的。 ●The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. 讲演者停下来查阅他的笔记,就在这时,听到砰地一声巨响。 |
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