3. could have done除了含有上述的意思外，还表示批评或责备

即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”，“本来可以”等，用法同上。例如：

You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?

I am disappointed that you didn’t tell me. You should have told me. 你没告诉我，我感到很失望，你本来应该告诉我的。

4. could have done 用于虚拟语气

在虚拟条件句中，当谈论过去的情况时，其句型通常是：主句用“could/would/might +have+过去分词”，if从句用过去完成时。例如：

You could have been killed if I hadn’t warned you. 我如不是警告了你，你就可能丧命了。

If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实，他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。

If you had come sooner, you could have helped us. 你如早来一点，就会帮上我们了。

I could have told them what happened if anybody had asked me. 如果有谁问过我，我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况。

四、should have done的用法

1. should have done表示“过去本应做某事，但实际没有做”，其否定式shouldn’t have done表示“过去不该做某事，但实际却做了”。

这种句式含有不满或责备之意，通常可译为“本来应该”；其否定式意为“本来不该”。ought to可以跟should换用，但语气比should强烈。例如：

    You should have finished your homework.(But you didn’t.)你本应该完成你的作业了。（但是你却没有。）

You should have reported the matter to the police. 你本应该把这件事报告警察。

I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 对不起，我想我应该先敲一下门的。

如果是否定式，则表示本来不该发生的情况却发生了。例如：

You shouldn't have told her the news.(But you did.)你本不应该把这个消息告诉他。（但你却已告诉。）

You shouldn’t have opened her letter. 你是不应该拆她的信的。

She shouldn’t have stood in a queue. She should have got tickets from the machine. 她本来就不该去排队，她应该在售票机那儿买票。

该用法中的should也可换成ought to，意思不变。例如：

You should (ought to) have told us earlier. 你应该早点告诉我们的。

You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have parked there. 你本不该把车停在这里。

上一页  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页