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英语典型语法错误100例(4) | |||
作者:DEKT-GG 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2017/3/22 |
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说明: 此文为VIP会员文章, 如果您希望阅读本文, 请先申请成为VIP会员, 具体办法请查阅“会员之家”或点击下面的地址: www.yygrammar.com/Article/200810/552.html! 英语典型语法错误100例(4) 31.令我们感到高兴的是,他一天天地好了起来。 误:To our delight, he was getting better day after day. 正:To our delight, he was getting better day by day. 析:比较 day by day 和 day after day:两者均可表示“一天天地”,但含义和用法均有区别:day by day含有逐渐(gradually)转变的意思,在句中主要用作状语;day after day暗示时间之长久(for many many days),在句中可用作状语,也可用作主语或宾语。比较:Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.. 一天天过去了,还是一直没有消息。Things are getting worse day by day. 情况一天天变糟。 32.我们都指望他明天能来。 误:We all depend you to come tomorrow. 正:We all depend on you to come tomorrow. 正:We all depend on you coming tomorrow. 正:We all depend on your coming tomorrow. 析:depend不能跟不定式的复合结构作宾语,因为它是不及物动词,后接宾语时,必须用depend on [upon]。注:depend on 后可以跟不定式的复合结构,并且也可接动名词的复合结构。另外,此句也可用从句改写:We all depend on it that he will come tomorrow. 33. 这本词典是供外国学生用的。 误:The dictionary is designing for foreign students. 正:The dictionary is designed for foreign students. 析:design用作动词除表示“设计”外,还可表示“计划”“打算”等,如:His father designed him for a lawyer. 他父亲打算要他当律师。但是,此用法通常用于被动形式,即用于 be designed for sb (sth), be designed to do sth, be designed as sth 等。如:The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together. 这次周末聚会的用意是要使两位老人见面。The room was designed as the children’s playroom. 这个房间计划用作儿童游戏室。 34.我不同意我们那么早就出发。 误:I disagree that we should start so early. 正:I don’t agree that we should start so early. 析:与“agree+that从句”不一样,disagree(不同意)后不接 that 从句。顺便说一句,要表示同意做某事,可说 agree to do sth,但要表示不同意做某事,不能说disagree to do sth,可根据情况改为 not agree to do sth或refuse to do sth等。 35. 我们对现金付款给予九折优惠。 误:We give (a) 90% discount for cash. 正:We give (a) 10% discount for cash. 析:discount(折扣)的实际意思是从某物的价格中扣去的数目,而不是扣除某个数目后剩下的数目,即 discount =amount of money taken off the cost of sth。 36.许多年轻人梦想出国。 误:A great many young people dream to go abroad. 正:A great many young people dream of going abroad. 析:动词 dream(梦见,梦想)后不能接不定式,若语义上需要这类结构,通常用 of doing sth。注意此用法的否定式:Little did I dream of succeeding so well. 我做梦也没想到会这样成功。 37.这个女人不很聪明,很容易受骗。 误:The woman is not very clever and easy to be cheated. 正:The woman is not very clever and easy to cheat. 析:在“be easy (difficult) +不定式”这类结构中,句子主语通常应是 it(如说:It is easy to cheat the woman.),通常不能是指人或物的名词。但有时也可以用指人或指物的名词作主语,注意此时该主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,且此时该不定式要用主动式表示被动意义(不直接用被动式)。又如:The question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。(不能用 to be answered) 38.这条消息对她没有一点影响。 误:The news did not effect her at all. 正:The news did not affect her at all. 正:The news had no effect on her at all. 析:effect 和affect 均可表示“影响”,但前者是名词,后者是动词。两者的关系大致为 affect=have an effect on,如:To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。注:effect 也可用作动词,但不表示“影响”,而是表示“引起”“产生”或“实现”“达到”等。 39.我泼了些鸡蛋在衣服上。 误:I spilled some eggs on the dress. 正:I spilled some egg on the dress. 析:有的学生认为,egg(鸡蛋)只用作可数名词,其实那是误解。egg 通常是可数的,其意是指一个个可以数的 egg,但是当它敲碎后,我们见到蛋壳内的鸡蛋,便是一种物质了,也就不可数了。顺便补充一点:作为食物的 egg,可能是可数的也可能是不可数的,其区别依然是看它是否能实实在在地被“数”。 40.我拿了别人的雨伞。 误:I’ve taken somebody’s else umbrella. 正:I’ve taken somebody else’s umbrella. 析:若语义上需要所有格,该所有格通常加在 else 上。 |
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