英语典型语法错误100例(1)

1. 这本小说我已读了三遍。

误：I've read the novel the third time.

正：I've read the novel a third time.

析：要表示数量或序数的增加, 在序数词前用不定冠词。又如：He saw a second plane. 他又看到了第二架飞机。

2. 他在公共汽车后面追，并追上了。

误：He ran after the bus, and could catch it.

正：He ran after the bus, and was able to catch it.

析：表示过去特定情况下的能力，可用 was (were) able to 而不能用 could， 不过这种差异在否定句中便不存在了。 如：He ran after the bus but wasn't able to [couldn't] catch it.

3. 我正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。

误：I was about to going to bed when the telephone rang.

正：I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

析：be about to do sth 是习语，其意为“正要做某事”，此处的about(有的词典认为是形容词)之后通常应接不定式，不接 to doing sth。

4. 他接受过良好的教育。

误：He accepted a good education.

正：He received a good education.

析：虽然在通常情况下，accept=接受，receive=收到，但并不是说汉语中所有的“接受”都可用 accept 来对译。

5. 他做这事是偶然的，还是故意的?

误：Did he do it on accident or by purpose?

正：Did he do it by accident or on purpose?

析：by accident 是习语，表示“偶然地”；on purpose 也是习语，表示“故意地”，注意两者介词的搭配不能混淆。

6. 你怎么解释事故的原因?

误：How can you account the accident?

正：How can you account for the accident?

析：account 用作动词时，表示“认为”，是及物动词；表示“解释”“说明”等，是不及物动词，若需后接宾语，通常借助介词 for。

7. 不要杞人忧天。

误：Don't across the bridge until you come to it.

正：Don't cross the bridge until you come to it.

正：Don't walk across the bridge until you come to it.

析：across 是介词或副词(不是动词)，cross 是动词。

8. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。

误：If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.

正：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

析：advertise for sth (sb) 意为“登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise 是不及物动词)；若要表示“为……登广告”或“登广告宣传……”，advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。

9. 他建议我同他们一起去。

误：He advised me going with them.

正：He advised me to go with them.

析：advise(建议)之后不能用不定式作宾语，但可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。注意这类句型的被动语态：You would be well advised to stay indoors. 你最好呆在家里。

10. 气候变化会影响你的健康。

误：The change in climate will effect your health.

正：The change in climate will affect your health.

析：affect 和 effect 两者都可以表示“影响”，但用作此义时，affect 是动词，而 effect 是名词。虽然 effect有时也用作动词，但它不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”“产生”等。