代词it与one有哪些区别

一、关于代词 it

it指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，此时的it等于“the (this, that, my...)+名词”。如：

He aimed at the bird and missed it. 他瞄准那只鸟却没打中。

He banded the box before mailing it. 邮寄前他把盒子用带子捆扎好。

To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。

Leave that vase alone or you’ll break it. 不要动那个花瓶，要不你会把它打了的。

The normal school has a primary school attached to it. 这所师范学校有一所附属小学。

If that sandwich is going begging, I’ll have it. 这份三明治没人要，我就要了。

Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。

He brought out his dictionary and looked the word up in it. 他拿出词典来查这个词。

二、关于代词 one

one 指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类物，此时的one等于“a+名词”。如：

She couldn’t resist buying one. 她禁不住买了一个。

The sergeants each carried one. 中士们每人携带一只。

Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人；三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。

Julia wears a ring on every finger, but I wear only one. 朱莉娅每个手指上都戴戒指，而我只戴一个。

The two simultaneous shots sounded like one. 同时发出的两声枪响听起来像一声。

You’ll have your own office soon but for the time being you’ll have to share one. 你很快就有自己的办公室了，不过暂时还得和别人合用一间。

There were no televisions when my grandmother was a child but nowadays most people have one. 我奶奶小时候还没有电视，而现今大多数人家都有一台。

另外，one 的前面根据需要可以有冠词、物主代词、指代词等修饰（但 it 前面不可以这样用）。如：

The task before us is not an easy one. 我们面临的任务不轻。

The stuffed dog barks as if it is a real one. 这只狗标本叫起来像真狗似的。

In given conditions a bad thing can be turned into a good one. 在一定条件下，坏事可以变为好事。

The novel he wrote the year before is considered as a classic one. 他前年所写的那部小说被认为是最经典的小说之一。

I prefer your original plan to this one. 我认为你原来的计划比这个好。

She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的那个，而不愿要大的。

Go on to read the next paragraph after you have finished this one. 你读完这段文章后，请接着读下一段。