英语动词时态用法归纳：现在完成进行时

1. 构成

have / has been + 动词的现在分词。

2. 基本用法

(1) 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：

The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning. 整个早上办公室里的电话铃声不断。

Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 自那时以来,他们一直在设法查明起火的原因。

What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么？

In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.

在过去的几年中他们与好几家跨国公司做生意一直做得很成功。

(2) 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论：

She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。

Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了。她一直在哭。

(3) 有时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如：

They have been seeing each other recently. 最近他们常常见面。

3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

(1) 现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作；而现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作。如：

He has been writing a letter. 他一直在写一封信。(还在写)

He has written a letter. 他写了一封信。（已完成）

(2) 少数动词如work, study, live, teach, stay等, 用这两种时态含义差不多, 只是在强调动作的持续性时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。如：

How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory? 你哥哥在这家工厂工作多久了？

I’ve lived / been living here since I taught in this school. 自从我在这所学校任教以来就一直住在这儿。

(3) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：

I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)

I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)