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情态动词can与could的用法归纳 | |||
作者:HMYYBB 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2015/10/27 |
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情态动词can与could的用法归纳 1. 表示能力 (1) 表示现在的能力,用can,如: He can (=He is able to) swim. 他会游泳。 He can speak English well. 他英语能说得很好。 I can’t remember where I put it. 我记不得把它放在那儿了。 (2) 表示将来的能力,通常用will / shall be able to,如: I shall be able to come tomorrow. 明天我能来。 One day people will be able to go to the moon on holiday. 总有一天人们可以到月球上去度假。 但是,若表示现在决定将来是否有能力做某事,则可用 can,如: Can you come to the party tonight?你今晚能来参加我们的聚会吗? (3) 表示过去的能力。 ① 若泛指过去的能力,可用could,如: I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。 ②若表示过去特定场合做某事的能力,则不能用could,而用was / were able to do sth.,或用 managed to do sth,或用 succeeded in doing sth 等。如: He studied hard and was able to pass the exam. 他学习很努力,所以考试能及格。 = He studied hard and managed to pass the exam. = He studied hard and succeeded in passing the exam. 误:She could jump into the sea before the ship was blown up. 船爆炸之前,她跳进了大海。 正:She was able to jump into the sea before the ship was blown up. 注:在下列情况,could也可表示过去特定的能力: ①在否定句中,could和was / were able to可通用。如: I couldn’t / wasn’t able to see him before he left. 他离开之前我没有再见到他。 ②could与see, hear, smell, taste, feel, understand等表示感知的动词连用时。如: I can hear you easily from here. 我在这儿就能很轻易地听到你的话。 Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. 接着他说得慢了,但是我听不懂他的话。 ③could用在间接引语中时。如: He said he could finish the work next week. 他说他下周能完成工作。 顺便说一下,be able to还可用于完成时, 如: I’m sorry I haven’t been able to come earlier. 对不起,我没有能够来得更早一些。 He said he had not been able to answer your letter. 他说他一直没能给你回信。 2. 表示许可 (1) 对于现在或将来的许可,用can或could均可,但could 语气更委婉, 如: Can / Could I smoke in here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗? You can't pick the ball up in football. 踢足球时不许可用手持球。 I could come tomorrow if you like. 如果你愿意,明天我可以来。 ② 表示自己允许别人做某事时, 答语应用can或may,而不用 could。如: --Could / Can I use your pen? 我可以借用你的钢笔吗? 误:-- Yes, of course you could. 当然可以。 正:--Yes, of course you can / may. (2) 对于过去的许可。 若表示过去一般性允许用could;表示过去特定的允许,则不用 could,而需换成其它表达,如had permission, was / were allowed to。如: When I lived at home, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 我住在家里时, 想什么时候看电视就什么时候看。(一般性允许) I was allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。(特定的允许)
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