during which与during which time之异同

■湖北武汉  曾克辉

一、during which的用法

during which相当于during the time / the period / the course of …， 既可用于限制性定语从句也可用于非限制性定语从句，可指时间，也可指过程或阶段等，意为“在……期间；在……过程中；在……阶段”等。

1. during which 用于限制性定语从句时，修饰对象为先行词，先行词在定语从句中表“在……期间；在……过程中”。如：

September and October are the months of the year during which most English people take their holidays. 一年中9、10两个月是大多数英国人休假的月份。

说明：句中的during which = and during the time of the months of the year 表“一年中的这两个月间”。

In 1988, Vietnam and china fought a brief naval battle during which more than 70 Vietnamese sailors died. 1988年，越南和中国曾进行过一次小规模海战，70多名越南士兵在战斗中丧生。

说明：句中的during which = and during the course of the brief naval battle 表“小规模海战期间”。

2. during which 用于非限制性定语从句时，不修饰整个句子，只修饰句子中的某个词（组），被修饰的词（组），在从句中表“在……期间；在……过程中”。如：

She kept her vow for a week, during which she was unusually cross and fretful.  她信守誓言有一星期之久，但在这一星期内，她显得五心烦躁，动不动就发脾气。

说明：句中的during which = and during the time of the week 表“在这一星期期间”。

He died in the Anti-Japanese War, during which my grandfather fought side by side with him. 他在抗日战争中为国捐躯，在抗战期间，我祖父曾与他并肩战斗过。

说明：句中的during which = and during the period of the Anti-Japanese War 表“在抗日战争期间”。

二、during which time的用法

during which time 相当于 during the time that/when + clause，只指时间，表示“在……期间”。

1. during which time通常用于非限制性定语从句，修饰前面主句，侧重点不在于主句中的时间名词，而是整个句子。如：

It took two years for me to get better, during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house.  我过了两年时间才好起来，其间他喂我进食，并承担全部的家务。

说明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that it took two years for me to get better 表“我过了两年时间才好起来”的整个过程。

He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine. 他上了四年大学，这期间他学了医学。

说明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that he spent four years in college表“他上了四年大学”的整个过程。

2. during which time间或用于限制性定语从句，但仍是说明前面整个主句，所表达的还是非限制性定语从句的意义。如：

She lived for only seven weeks during which time her sister, Victoria, bought her a small teddy bear. 她只活了7周，在这期间，她的姐姐维多利亚给她买了一个小泰迪熊。

说明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that she lived for only seven weeks表“她活了7周”这段时间。

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