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文化背景:语言根植的土壤 | |||
作者:刘永科 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2014/4/24 |
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还有一些称谓,中西方也有较大差别。我们常说的“李老师,王老师”,在英语中一般不说Teacher Li 或Teacher Wang. 而是根据性别,直接说:Miss Li 或Mr. Wang。 有些词汇随着时代的变迁,本来在外国也已过时,但我们国家仍在沿用。如:“农民”这个词,我们有的人还在使用peasant,不用farmer。这对中国的农民有“污蔑”之嫌,因为这个词是指受剥削的“贫下中农”。都解放60多年了,中国还有peasant吗? 还有一些词语在习惯上的不同,例如last 和next这两个词,中西方的概念是不一样的。例如:I went to see my uncle last Wednesday. 有人译成“上周三我去看望我叔叔了。” 但不一定,也许是在本周三。是这样的,它可能指“上周三”,也可能指“本周三”,这要看说话的时间。如果说话时间是在Wednesday 或之前,那么,last Wednesday 就是指“上周三”;但如果说话时间是在Thursday 或之后,那么,last Wednesday 则是指“本周三”。这是因为,在英语中last 这个单词,是指“离说话时最近的上一个时间”,同理,英语中的next,也是指“离说话时最近的下一个时间”。因此,英语和汉语在这方面有一定的差异,需要特别注意。 同理,next Wednesday不一定是指“下周三”,也可能是指“本周三”;last autumn 也许是“去年秋天”,也许是“今年秋天”。这要看说话的具体时间。 请看下面几种说法,试着对比翻译一下: 1. last week(上一个周)last Tuesday(上周二或本周二) 2. last year(去年)last spring(去年春天或今年春天) 3. next week(下一个周)next Thursday(下周四或本周四) 4. next year(明年) next autumn(明年秋天或今年秋天) (三)不同民族有不同的爱好 之所以成为一个民族,是因为这批人有着共同的价值观、信仰、文化仪式与血脉认同,这也构成了不同的民族有不同的文化现象。当我们作为某个民族的一分子,观察其他民族的风俗文化时,我们会有参照和对比,从而对民族自身的礼仪有更深的体味与了解。因之,语言本身带有文化的烙印。 It is interesting to know what people of different nations like to do best. 【法国人】In France, love is the major pastime for ordinary people. When a woman enters a cafe or a restaurant she is freely discussed, not only about her appearance but about her past and future as well. She invites looks in the street whether she is beautiful or plain. There is no better way for a woman to regain her self-confidence than a walk in the streets of 【意大利人】In Italy, people love talking. They sit about in cafes, exchanging news and discussing politics. They do not hesitate to ask questions about the family, income and private life of anybody who happens to be there. 【瑞士人】The Swiss eat as a pastime, ladies walk into a teashop, eat a couple of ice-creams and a large piece of chocolate cake, and then leave, complaining about their weights. 【美国人】For the Americans, the greatest fondness is said to be the push of buttons. You push a button in the lift; you push a button for cigarettes, chewing gums, and stamps even for a life insurance. You can even push a button and get married and another button to get divorced. 【英国人】In England, waiting in a line is a national passion. The English will form a line whenever they have the opportunity. Long queues can be seen, for example, at stations when the train is practically empty and everybody can have a seat. 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页 引用地址: |
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