高考英语必须掌握的10个连接副词

■湖南  刘青沅

1. besides

besides用作副词主要表示补充说明，意思是“此外”“而且”。如：

I don’t want to go shopping. Besides, I haven’t got any money. 我不想去购物，再说，我也没有钱。

She won’t mind your being late —besides, it’s hardly your fault. 她不介意你迟到——况且这也不能说是你的错。

2. however

however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而”“可是”“但是”。如：

Some of the food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well. 有些粮食作物长得不好，但棉花长得很不错。

His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他最初的反应是不同意，但是后来他改变了主意。

3. instead

instead主要表示取而代之，大意是“相对”“而是”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如：

It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机去吧。

My husband asked why I couldn’t just forget about dieting all the time and eat normally instead. 丈夫问我为什么就不能不整天想着节食，转而正经吃饭。

4. nevertheless

nevertheless 主要表示对比或转折，意思是“尽管如此”“不过”“仍然”。如：

There was no news; nevertheless we went on hoping. 尽管毫无消息，我们仍抱着希望。

It’s a difficult race. Nevertheless, thousands of runners participate every year. 那是艰难的比赛，但每年仍有数千人赛跑者参加。

5. meanwhile

(1) 表示时间，意思是“其间”“同时”“在此期间”。如：

The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated. 航班很快就要广播登机，在此期间请继续坐在座位上。

Carl’s starting college in September. Meanwhile, he’s travelling around Europe. 卡尔9月将开始大学生活，此间他将去环游欧洲。

(2) 表示对比，意思是“相比之下”“然而”“而”。如：

Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects. 压力会严重损害你的健康，锻炼则可以减少这些影响。

He had always found his wife’s mother a bit annoying. The mother-daughter relationship, meanwhile, was close. 他总是觉得丈母娘有点烦人，然而她们母女之间的关系却非常亲密。

6. moreover

moreover主要表示补充说明，意思是“此外”“而且”，与besides大致同义。如：

The firm did the work very well. Moreover, the cost was not too high. 这家公司做得十分出色，而且费用也不太高。

Bicycling is good exercise；moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动，而且它不会污染空气。

7. otherwise

otherwise主要表示否定的条件，意思是“否则”“要不然”。如：

You’ll have to go now, otherwise you’ll miss your bus. 你现在得走了，不然你会赶不上公共汽车了。

I’d better write it down, otherwise I’ll forget it. 我最好把它写下来，要不然我会忘记的。

8. therefore

therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此”“所以”。如：

We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project. 我们无法筹到资金，因此不得不放弃计划。

Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories. 肌肉细胞需要很多能量，所以会燃烧大量卡路里。

9. thus

thus主要表示结果，意思是“因此”“所以”。如：

No decision had been made, and thus the situation remained unclear. 由于没有作出决定，所以事态并不明朗。

Fewer pupils will attend the schools, and they will thus have fewer teachers. 上学的学生人数会减少，因此他们将会减少教师的数量。

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