Ⅱ. 词类

3 在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类：

1. 名词：表示人、物或地方等，如：John, teacher; table, pen; London; beauty.

2. 代词：用来代替名词，以避免重复某个名词，如：I，you, it, that, those, them.

3. 形容词：用来修饰或限制某个 (些) 名词，如：good (man), white (paper), every (book), much (water), (John is) honest, (He seems) lazy. 被修饰或限制的名词，叫做主体词 (head-word)。

4. 动词：表示行为或状态，如：speak, read, go, think, is, seem.

5. 介词：表示它后面的名词 (或代词) 跟它前面的动词、另一名词或形容词的关系。这些名词 (或代词) 称为介词的宾语。

介词宾语和介词构成介词短语。

He went to school. (介词to把名词school和动词went联系起来)

He stood by me.

He asked for it.

The book on the desk is mine. (介词on把名词book和另一名词desk联系起来)

He lives in a house on the mountain. 他住在山上的一幢房子里。

The bridge across this river is built by a Frenchman. 河上的桥是一位法国人修建的。

He is sure of it. 他对此很有把握。 (of联系it和sure.)

It is good for you. 这对你有好处。

He is angry with Mary. 他生玛丽的气。

6. 副词：修饰或限制动词、形容词或其他副词，乃至介词、连词及整个句子。

He walked slowly. 他走得很慢。

He did it carefully. 他干得很仔细。

He is a very kind man. 他是一个非常善良的人。

John is truly honest. 约翰的确很诚实。

He arrived too late. 他到得太晚了。

He walked rather slowly. 他走得相当慢。

He sat far behind me. 他坐在我后面挺远的地方。

He arrived exactly at seven. 他在7点整到达。

He will come probably after we take lunch. 他可能在我们吃午饭之后到达。

He loves her just because she is pretty. 他爱她只是因为她漂亮。

Luckily, he got back his money. 幸好他把钱要回来了。

Historically, China is a great nation. 从历史上看中国是个伟大的国家。

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