3. 根据句子语境确定

例1  Tony lent me the money, _______ that I’d do as much for him. (全国卷II)

A. hoping               B. to hope               C. hoped                D. having hoped

解析：答案为A。根据句子语境以及选项动词hope的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表伴随，而英语中表示伴随的非谓语动词通常就是现在分词，故选hoping。句意为：托尼把钱借给了我，希望我能尽力为他工作。又如：She rushed past the policeman, hoping he wouldn’t ask what she had in her suitcase. 她赶紧从警察身边走过去，希望他不会问起手提箱里有什么。

例2  He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched. (天津卷)

A. left                      B. to leave               C. leaving                D. having left

解析：答案为C。根据句子语境以及选项动词leave的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表结果，而英语中表示结果的非谓语动词通常就是现在分词，故选leaving。又如：A man rushed past and jogged her elbow, making her drop the bag. 一个男人从她身边匆匆走过，轻轻碰了一下她的肘部，结果她的袋子掉了。

例3  Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷)

A. finding          B. to find          C. being found      D. to have found

解析：答案为B。根据句子语境以及选项动词find的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表结果，而且是表示令人感到意外的结果（尤其注意空格前的副词only）。根据英语语法，表示意外的结果，通常用only to do sth，故选B。又如：He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed. 他飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。

二、确定非谓语动词时态的技巧

确定非谓语动词时态方法很简单，那就是看非谓语动词所表示的动作是发生在谓语动词之前还是之后——若发生在谓语动词之前，则非谓语动词用完成式；否则，就用一般式。如：

______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (重庆卷)

A. Having been asked B. To ask             C. Having asked     D. To be asked

解析：答案为A。从时间上看，显然“被要求加班”在“错过看电影”之前，故非谓语动词要用完成式，据此可排除B和D；又因为动词 ask 与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动意义的选项C。句意为：由于那天晚上我被要求加班，所以我错过了一场很好的电影。又如：Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。

三、确定非谓语动词语态的技巧

1. 根据句子的逻辑意义来确定

判断非谓语动词是要用主动式还是被动式，最简单的办法就是看非谓语动词的逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系——若是主谓关系，则非谓语动词用主动式；若是动宾关系，则非谓语动词用被动式。如：

例1  China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea. (福建卷)

A. attacking             B. having attacked C. being attacked    D. having been attacked

解析：答案为C。考查 prevent sb (sth) from doing sth 结构，其意为“阻止某人（某物）做某事”。根据句意，Chinese fishing boats 与 attack 之间为被动关系，故动名词要用被动式，可排除A和B；再根据动作的先后关系，可排除D。句意为：中国最近加紧黄岩岛附近的水域控制来防止中国渔船在南海被袭击。又如：The most important trees were tagged to protect them from being damaged by construction machinery. 最珍贵的树木都被贴上了标签，以防被建筑机械毁坏。

例2  We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.(湖南卷)

A. being done         B. do                    C. to be done         D. to do

解析：答案为C。从意义上看，“工作”应该是需要“被做”，故要用不定式的被动式。不过值得一提的是，need也可后接动名词，此时则要用主动形式表示被动意义，所以如果将A改为doing，则也可视为正确答案。

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