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| 做非谓语动词考题的常用技巧 | |||
| 作者:刘青沅 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2013-05-17 |
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做非谓语动词考题的常用技巧 作者:刘青沅(湖南) 来源:《第二课堂(高中版)》,2013年第05期 综观历年高考英语非谓语动词考题,其考点主要不外乎以下四类:一是要求考生确定该用何种非谓语动词(不定式?动名词?现在分词?过去分词?);二是要求考生确定非谓语动词用什么时态(一般式?进行式?完成式?);三是要求考生确定非谓语动词用什么语态(主动式?被动式?);四是在考查其他知识点时用非谓语动词选项作干扰,要求考生能准确识别。下面我们分别就这四类考点的应对技巧作一归纳,希望对同学们的复习有所帮助。 一、确定非谓语动词形式的技巧 1. 根据语法特点确定 英语语法对非谓语动词的具体使用有许多“规则”,其中最基本、最简单,同时也是最常考的一条是:介词后通常要用动名词,不用不定式。这一点虽然看似简单,但许多容易忽略,尤其是当介词与所考查的动名词被其他成分所隔开时,更是容易被忽略。如: 例1 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. (北京卷) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 解析:答案为D。making mistakes 和 correcting them 为两个并列的动名词,用作介词 by 的宾语,所以应采用相同的形式。又如:When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with. 烹调时,最好是边干边收拾,而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾。 例2 Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (福建卷) A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 解析:答案为A。介词 from 后接有两个并列成分作宾语,一个是 his parents,另一个是 realizing that…。句意为:一方面来自父母的压力,另一方面自己也意识到已经浪费了太多时间,这个男孩决定不再玩电子游戏了。又如:After looking up their number in the phone book and making sure l had got it right, I phoned again. 我查了电话簿,确信电话号码无误之后,我又打了电话。 2. 根据搭配习惯确定 英语中有许多需要与特定非谓语动词搭配的表达,如有些动词只接不定式作宾语,而有些动词则只接动名词作宾语;有些动词可接不定式的复合结构作宾语,而有些动词却不能接不定式的复合结构作宾语;有些固定搭配习惯上只允许与不定式搭配,有些固定搭配习惯上只允许与现在分词搭配,还有些固定搭配则习惯上只允许与过去分词搭配;等等——所有这些都有可能成为高考的考点,所以记住这些搭配习惯对做题至关重要。如: 例1 I remembered ______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (安徽卷) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 解析:答案为B。remember 后接不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语均可,但意思不同:后接不定式表示记住要做某事,后接动名词表示记住做过的事情。根据句意,选B最合适。句意为:我在离开办公室前记住了要锁门,但忘记了要关灯。又如:Please remember to water the plants while I’m away. 我不在时,请记住浇花。 例2 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ to the new students. (江西卷) A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 解析:答案为C。考查 invite sb to do sth 句式,但试题中用的是 invite 的被动式。又如:Don’t forget we’re invited to the Jones’ for drinks on Sunday. 别忘了我们受邀请到琼斯家参加星期日的酒会。 例3 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge. (陕西卷) A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 解析:答案为D。have no choice but to do sth 为英语固定句式,意为“除了做某事外别无选择;只好做某事”,其中的不定式不可改为其他形式。又如:For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory. 基于上述原因,管理层没有办法,只好关闭工厂。 例4 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed _______ into the sports club. (上海卷) A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 解析:答案为B。考查allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事)句式,此题属该句式的被动式,表示“被允许做某事”。又如:Exam candidates are not allowed to use advanced calculators with database capability. 考生不得使用有数据库功能的高级计算器。 例5 When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say. (上海卷) A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 解析:答案为A。考查 have trouble doing sth(做某事有困难)的用法,其中的 doing sth 习惯上不能改为不定式或过去分词,但可在 doing sth 前加上介词 in(加上介词 in 后,doing 为动名词)。又如:No, I don’t know his number—I have quite enough trouble remembering my own. 不,我不知道他的号码,我光记自己的号码就够困难的了。 |
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