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《that用法新探》(中)
作者:李  翔    文章来源:本站原创    点击数:    更新时间:2013/4/22    
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 3.5.3  it, that one的区别  

it, that one都可以作替代词,但是它们之间的用法是有区别的:  

a. one=a(an)+名词  

one 所替代的名词和前面提及的名词属于同一类中的任何一个,并非同一个。例如:  

He has no dictionary, and no money to buy one (=a dictionary).  

This hat is too small; show me a lager one (= hat), please.  

b. it=the/this/that/形容词性物主代词+名词  

it所替代的名词和前面所提及的名词指同一个事物。例如:  

He has a dictionary, but he will not lend it to me.  

I drank some water, but it made me thirstier.  

c. that =the +名词  

that所替代的名词(短语)和前面提及的名词(短语)只属于同一类中另外指定的一个,和one 替代同一类中任何一个不同;也和it所替代的同一个不同。that替代不可数名词(短语)或单数可数名词(短语),只能代替事物,不能代替人。其复数形式those替代复数可数名词(短语)(包括and连结的并列结构),既可以替代人,也可以替代事物。例如:  

The air of the country is fresher than that (=the air) of the city.  

that所替代的是城市的air,和前面乡村的air只属于同一类——都是air,但不是同一个事物。  

The tail of a rabbit is not so long as that(=the tail) of a rat.  

Towards the end of his life, Schubert wrote two remarkable trios: that in B flat and that in D flat.  

The blond girls I saw were older than those (= the ones) you were dancing with.  

试比较:  

I cannot find my umbrella; I think I must buy one(an umbrella).  

I cannot find my umbrella; I don’t know where I put it(=my umbrella).  

The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that (=the umbrella) I bought.  

the one that有共同之处,即都可以替代指物“the+重复的单数可数名词”;the ones those则替代重复的复数名词。不同之处是后接of短语时不能用the one,复数名词不用the ones, 而要用that复数名词用those;后接定语从句时更常用the one, 复数名词用the ones例如:  

My seat was next to that of the mayor. (不能用the one)  

I drew my chair nearer to the one (=that) on which Sophy was sitting.  

The mountains of  Switzerland  are much higher than those of   Wales  . (不能用the ones)  

The paintings of Gauguin’s Tahiti period are more famous than those (=the ones) he painted in   France  .  

The check is in that drawerthe one (=that) with the key in the lock.  

The children who do best in examinations are not always the ones (=those) with the best brains.  

此外, 虽是复数形式而实际上是不可数的集合名词及以and连结的名词,都不可用the ones替代,而要用those。例如:  

The cloths people wear today do not seem to last as long as those that people wore in the past.  

The culture and customs of  America  are more like those of   England   than of any other country.  

   

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