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内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(02) | |||
作者:TJG 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2012/5/31 |
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内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(02) ◆among prep. 1. 表示“在…中间”,通常用于三者或三者以上的人或事物,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。如: They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。 I found it among a pile of old books. 我在一堆旧书中找到了它。 2. 有时可用来引出最高级的比较范围。如: The book is the best among the modern novels. 在现代小说 中这本是最好的。 3. 表示“是……当中的一个”,相当于 one of。如: I was among the first to come. 我是来得最早的一个。 ◆amount n. & v. 1. 用作名词,意为“数量”、“金额”等,通常用于 a (great, large) amount of 这类结构,其后通常接不可数名词; 这类结构用作主语,其谓语的数取决于 amount 的数。如: 在这座桥上花了大量资金。 正: A large amount of money was spent on the bridge. 正: Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 比较:在 a great number of 之后通常接可数名词(用复数)。 2. 用作动词,意为“合计”、“等于”、“意味着”,通常是不及物动词,其后常接介词 to。如: Building cost amounts to six million dollars. 建筑费用达600 万元。 Her reply amounts to a refusal. 她的回答等于拒绝。 This amounts to doing the whole thing over again. 这等于要把整个事重做一遍。 ◆and conj. 1. 连接两个相同的比较级,表示“越来越……”。如: It moves faster and faster. 它动得越来越快。 Your work is getting better and better. 你的工作干得越来越好了。 2. 连接两个相同的动词,表示动作的反复或连续。如: He coughed and coughed. 他咳个不停。 He tried and tried but without success. 他试了又试,但没有成功。 3. 连接两个相同的名词,表示“许多”或“有各种各样的” (即有好的也有坏的)。如: They talked for hours and hours. 他们谈了很长时间。 There are books and books. 有各种各样的书(即书有好坏之分)。 4. 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的(and 在此相当于不定式符号 to)。如: Come and have a look. 来看一看。 We will try and get one tomorrow. 我们明天设法弄一个来。 We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。 Will you go and fetch me some paper, please? 请你去给我拿点纸来好吗? 以上动词除 try 只能用原形外,其它动词都可有多种形式。如: 正:We stayed and had a drink with him. 我们留下来同他喝 了一杯。 正:We stopped and bought some flowers. 我们停下来买了些 花。 误:He tried and finished the work in time. 注:在 come, go 之后的 and 有时可以省略(尤其在美国英语中)。如: I’ll come (and) see you later. 我晚些时候再来看你。 5. 用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“那么”(暗示一种条件)。如: Work hard and you’ll pass the examinations (=If you work hard, you’ll pass the examinations). 努力吧,你考试会及格的。 Arrive late once more and you’re fired (=If you arrive late once more, you’re fired). 再迟到一次,就把你开除。 有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果。如: One more step and I will fire. 你再动一步,我就要开枪了。 6. 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示“很”、“挺”。如: It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。 The book is nice and expensive. 这本书很贵。 7. 在主从复合句中,不要在主句前误加 and。如: 要是下雨,我们就呆在家里。 正:If it rains, we’ll stay at home. 误:If it rains, and we’ll stay at home. 8. 某些用 and 连接的两个词,与汉语顺序相反,不要按汉语词序颠倒过来。如: rich and poor 贫富 land and water 水陆 right and left 左右 north and south 南北 food and drink 饮食 food and clothing 衣食 9. 比较以下各组句子有无连词 and 的差别: 天气晴朗,我们出去散了步。 正:The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. 正:The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk. 教室里 正:In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included. 正:In the classroom there are five people, and the teacher was included. 他有两个小孩,都很顽皮。 正:He has two children, both of whom are naughty. 正:He has two children, and both of them are naughty. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页 >> 引用地址: |
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