4. because 从句与 because of短语的转换

Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换：

He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。

七、让步状语从句

1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词

主要的有although, though, even though, even if等：

Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 虽然他很穷，他仍然很快乐。

I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失败, 我也要试一下。

We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去(www.yygrammar.com)。

注：除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导让步状语从句外，还应注意以下情况：

(1) 用when 和while引导让步状语从句。不要认为when和while只引导时间状语从句，其实它们也可引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”：

She stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去，她却停住了。

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。

(2) 用whether…or…引导让步状语从句：

I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜欢，我都要做。

Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。

(3) 用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句：

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

Come whenever you like. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。

2. whatever, however 等-ever词用法说明

这些词在用法应注意以下几点：

(1) 它们均可引导让步状语从句，意为“无论…”：

Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。

Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。

Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。

Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。

Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。

(2) 它们引导让步状语从句时，通常可换成no matter…，如说：

No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。

No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。

No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。

(3) 注意however的以下种句型：

① however+主语+谓语：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走，至少要三天。

However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么来，一定要早来。

② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语：

However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。

However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都会去游泳。

有时该结构中的主语和谓语可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small. 他总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。

I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管条件多好，我都不接受。

(4) 有时从句谓语可用情态动词：

I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。

Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。

(5) whenever有时可引导时间状语从句，wherever 有时可引导地点状语从句：

Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次见到他，我们都和他说话。

They teach wherever their pupils are working. 学生在哪里工作，教师们就在哪里上课。

注：其中的whatever, whoever, whichever除引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，参见本讲义“名词性从句”一章。

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