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重点中学英语语法讲义-状语从句
作者:HMYY    文章来源:本站原创    点击数:    更新时间:2012/5/31    
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四、目的状语从句

1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词

主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等:

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些,以便他们能理解你。

He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。

Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。

注:so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略so而只用that,有时也可只用so

Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。

I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我将做给你看,以便你知道应怎样干。

2. 目的状语从句与状语短语的转换

为了简洁起见,当目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,目的状语从句有时可用表目的的不定式短语替换:

He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. / He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便赶上早班车。

He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来,以免把他妻子吵醒。

有时还可与表示目的的介词短语替换:

He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. / He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小时离开,以免错过火车。z

3. in case的用法说明

in case既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导条件状语从句,主要视句意而定:

In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来,告诉我一声。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。

注:in case引导目的状语从句,从句有时可用“should+动词原形这样的形式:

Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。

五、结果状语从句

1. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等:

He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他学习用功,所以考试通过了。

He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。

注:so…thatsuch…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略:

I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我很忙,连写信的时间都没有。

There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn’t go out. 雨那么大,我们没法出去。

2. so…thatsuch…that的用法比较

从用法上看,so后应接形容词或副词,而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so+形容词后还可接一个名词,且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)

正:He is so clever a child that we all like him. 这小孩很聪明,我们都喜欢他。

正:They are such clever children that we all like them. 这些孩子很聪明,我们都很喜欢。

误:They are so clever children that we all like them.

此时的so…that结构可与such…that结构转换:

It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣,我们都想看。

It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣,我们都想看。

注:在much, many, little, few 这四个词前总是用so而不用such

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了许多跤,结果全身都是伤。

He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他赚的钱很少几乎不能养家糊口。

3. 结果状语从句与不定式短语的转换

so thatso…that引导的结果状语从句有时可与表结果的so as toso…as to引出的不定式短语转换:

He arrived late so that he missed the train. / He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很迟,结果未赶上火车。

He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. / He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes. 他写得很仔细,所以没有出错。

 

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