九、助词遗漏型

有的同学对于某些句子结构不明了，写出来的句子会不符合句子结构或语法逻辑。

1.    他们渴望知道中国的所有事情，并问了我很多问题。

误：They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.

正：They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.  

析：eager是形容词。形容词不能单独作谓语，应该与连系动词一起构成“系+表”结构。

2. 别让小孩干重活。

误：Not set the boy to do heavy work.

正：Don’t set the boy to do heavy work.

析：肯定祈使句用动词原形开头，而否定祈使句则用Don’t + 动词原形。

3.    不经允许任何人不能进来。

误：No one can come in without permitted.

正：No one can come in without being permitted.

析：介词without后应用动名词，根据句义应用动名词的被动结构，即being+动词的过去分词。

4.    如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去散步了。

误：If it rain tomorrow, we would not go out for a walk.

正：If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out for a walk.

析：与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if条件句用动词的过去时或should+动词原形或were to + 动词原形。Should 不能省略。

5. 正在建的大楼是餐厅。

误：The building which being built is a dinning-room.

正：The building which is being built is a dinning-room.

正：The building being built is a dinning-room.

析：误句中的定语从句中缺少助动词。进行式的被动语态由be的一定形式+ being+动词的过去分词构成，或用现在分词的被动语态作定语。

6.    明年这个时候，我们就能完成任务了。

误：This time next year, we will able to finish the task.

正：This time next year, we will be able to finish the task.

析：be able to“能、能够”，将来时为will / shall+ be able to, 其中的be很容易漏掉。

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