英语动词时态详解：过去将来完成进行时

一、过去将来完成进行时的用法

过去将来完成进行时表动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。动作是否继续下去，由上下文决定。如：

I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.  我听说到七月份，你就在这里教了10年书了。

二、过去将来完成进行时的构成

过去完成进行时由“would have been+现在分词”构成。如：

He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years.  他说到了春季学期末，他就学了三年英语了。

I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.  我知道到那时他他就在那儿工作满30年了。

She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.  她告诉我到年年夏天她在那所大学教书就满20年了。

三、间接引语与过去将来完成进行时

在间接引语中，若主句为过去时态，则用于宾语从句中的间接引语则要把将来完成进行时改为过去将来完成进行时。如：

I know by this time next week you’ll have been working here for 30 years.

→I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.

She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer.

→She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.

四、过去将来完成进行时与虚拟语气

在特定的语境中，有时过去将来完成进行时可用虚拟语气中。如：

At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car，because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front. If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.  事故发生的时候，我坐在车子的后座，因为汤姆的小儿子坐在前边他的身旁。要是汤姆的孩子没坐在那里的话，我就会坐在前面了。