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误用介词的三种情形 | |||
作者:陈穆嘉 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2010/2/28 |
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三、张冠李戴型——错用介词 错用介词的情况比较复杂,可能是受汉语意思的影响而错,也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错,可能是混淆用法而错,也可能是受相关结构的影响而错,可能是忽略语境而错,也可能是想当然地用错。如: 1. 她昨天去了他的办公室拜访。 误:She called on his office yesterday. 正:She called at his office yesterday. 析:call 表示“拜访”时,要注意分清两种清况。一般说来,表示拜访某人,通常用call on sb,若表示去某地拜访,则通常用 call at a place。顺便说一句,有时可在 call 后加副词 in (即说成 call in on sb 或 call in at a place)。 2. 他与一位护士订了婚。 误:He is engaged with a nurse. 正:He is engaged to a nurse. 析:be engaged to sb意为“与某人订婚”,注意不要按汉语习惯用介词 with。注:有时也可用 be engaged to do sth,如上面一句也可说成:He is engaged to marry a nurse. / He is engaged to be married to a nurse. 3. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。 误:The sun rises from in the east and sets from the west. 正:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 析:汉语说太阳“从”东方升起,实际上是太阳升起“在”东方,故用介词 in。 4. 在警察的帮助下,我找回了我失去的东西。 误:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost. 正:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost. 析:表示“在某人的帮助下”,英语用 with the help of sb,不要按汉语习惯用介词 under。 5. 他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。 误:During he was in Japan, he visited many places. 正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places. 正:While he was in Japan, he visited many places. 析:during是介词,不是连词,所以不用来引导句子。 6. 吃点水果吧。 误:Help yourself with the fruit. 正:Help yourself to the fruit. 析:help oneself to sth 是口语中常用表达,意为“自行取用”或“随意使用”,注意其中用介词 to,不能用 with。 7. 我们了解他的性格。 误:We are familiar to his character. 正:We are familiar with his character. 析:familiar(熟悉的)有以下两类用法须注意:一是表示某人熟悉某事物,此时通常只用作表语,且在其后连用介词 with; 二是表示某事物为某人所熟悉,此时可用作表语或定语,其后通常连用介词 to。比较:We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。 (编辑 陈根花) 引用地址: |
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