用过去式表示的虚拟语气

■在虚拟条件句中的运用

1. 与现在事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用一般过去式(be一般用were) ，主句谓语用would /should /could /might +动词原形。如：

If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。

If it weren’t for (=But for) your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。

If I had more money, I would buy a car. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买汽车了。

注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用was。如：

If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。

2. 与将来事实相反：条件句中的谓语可用一般过去式、或者“were to /should＋动词原形”，主句谓语用would /should /could /might +动词原形。如：

If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 要是明天下雨，我就不去那里。

3. 与过去事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句谓语用would /should /could /might + have +过去分词。如：

 If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。

If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。

注：若虚拟条件句中有were, should, had时，可省略if，将were, should, had移至主语前。如：

Were I you, I would never do that.

Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go there.

Had it not been for Margaret, I might not have understood.

■在错综时间虚拟条件句中的运用

虚拟条件句与主句谓动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语动词的形式。如：

If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你当初听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。

■在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用

有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without, with, but for(要不是) 等介词短语，或者用but, or, otherwise等副词或连词，或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件。如：

But for (=if it had not been for ) your help, I wouldn’t have been successful. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。

I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have helped him. 我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。

We couldn’t have finished it without Mary. 如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。

To hear him talk (=If you could hear him talk…) , you’d think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。

Given more time, I could have done it better. 要是多给一点时间，我会做得更好。

■在wish, if only, as if, would rather等后的从句中

这些从句的谓语动词的形式是：若与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去式(动词be一律用were) ；若与过去事实相反，用过去完成式。如(www.yygrammar.com)：

I wish it were spring here all the year round. 但愿这里四季如春。

I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是听了我父母的话就好了。

Li Ming speaks English as if he were an American. 李明说英语好像是美国人。

I would rather he came tomorrow. 我宁愿他明天来。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

注：as if/as though引导的从句若是事实，就不必用虚拟语气。如：

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨的样子。

■ as if/as though引导的从句中

He speaks English as though he were an American. 他说英语跟美国人差不多。

■在It’s time that…的that从句的谓语动词

It is time that we got ready for the final examination. 该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。