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与目佳先生再谈“police”的用法
作者:李  翔    文章来源:本站原创    点击数:    更新时间:2009/8/23    
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与目佳先生再谈“police”的用法

 

本站特约作者 

 

笔者愿在此与目佳先生再谈谈 police 的用法。

首先,笔者要说的是目佳先生“只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯”。(笔者注:笔者在此不是对目佳先生进行人身攻击,一笔者不知道目佳先生的真名实姓;二笔者只是就事论事发表自己的看法,进行“学术”上的探讨)笔者在《the police作主语时,谓语动词不可以用单数形式吗?》(原文见www.yygrammar.com/Article/200908/1325.html)一文列举了大量的例证证明自己的看法,笔者自认为是有理有据;而目佳先生在《方式状语从句还是表语从句》一文(原文见www.yygrammar.com/Article/200812/1057.html)却是大谈《薄冰高级英语语法》和《朗文英语语法》如何把“be ()……feel (感觉)look () seem (好像)smell ()sound (听起来)taste (尝起来) 等后面由连词 as if as though 引导的从句”看作方式状语从句,最后得出结论‘我们认为说“方式状语从句在动词 be ()……feel (感觉)look () seem (好像)smell ()sound (听起来)taste (尝起来) 等后面也可以由连词as ifas though来引导”似乎不妥,因为be ()feel (感觉)look ()seem (好像)smell ()sound (听起来)taste (尝起来)等都是连系动词,它们后面接的 as if / as though 从句应是表语从句,而不是方式状语从句。”‘(笔者注:笔者还要另外行文论述“究竟是方式状语从句还是表语从句”)请问目佳先生,你的证据何在?实际上你也是在“冒天下之大不韪”向你所谓的“权威”挑战,目佳先生其实也是心知肚明,把“be ()……feel (感觉)look () seem (好像)smell ()sound (听起来)taste (尝起来) 等后面由连词 as if as though 引导的从句”看作方式状语从句也“几乎是所有英语语言学家的共识”,《薄冰高级英语语法》和《朗文英语语法》不就是这样做的吗?而你目佳先生可以说是无凭无据就敢断定“是表语从句,而不是方式状语从句”?

再举一例:目佳先生在朗文当代高级英语辞典商榷一个句子时态》一文(原文见www.yygrammar.com/Article/200905/1215.html)认为:“《朗文高级英语辞典》第1095past3 词条的例句In the past he has been a bricklayer and a milkman, and now he’s a farmer. 从前他曾当过砌砖工人、送牛奶工人,现在他是个农民。” 中的 has been 用得不是很妥。经过目佳先生一番讲解,最后得出结论“将句中的 has been 改为 was,或改为 used to be。即改为:In the past he was a bricklayer and a milkman, and now he’s a farmer. /In the past he used to be a bricklayer and a milkman, and now he’s a farmer.”试问目佳先生《朗文高级英语辞典》不就是你所谓“‘朗文’的,‘牛津’的,‘剑桥’的其中之一吗?你不也是无凭无据就认为“has been用得不是很妥”,建议“将句中的 has been 改为 was,或改为used to be”?

其次,目佳先生所谓“police表示复数意义,这几乎是所有英语语言学家的共识,不仅许多著名的英语语法著作明确指出 police 只表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语动词要用复数,而且几乎所有英美国家出版的著名词典(不管是“朗文”的,还是“牛津”的,或者是“剑桥”的,等等),也都无一例外地在 police 词条后加上了 plural 的用法标签”,这也是不切合实际的。既然目佳先生对“权威”如此崇拜,那么笔者让你看个最“权威”的说法,不过目佳先生看了,且不可失望。请看被称为“辞典中的圣经”Oxford English Dictionary (OED.2nd.Rev3)(笔者注:如果把OED比作英语中的“宪法”,即“母法”,那么像目佳先生所说“朗文”的,还是“牛津”的,或者是“剑桥”的都只能算是“子法”了!) police用法的论述(笔者注:恕笔者不再一一翻译成汉语)

4. The department of government which is concerned with the maintenance of public order and safety, and the enforcement of the law: the extent of its functions varying greatly in different countries and at different periods.

c1730 Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1818) I. 140 By the way, this police is still a great office in Scotland, ... it is grown into disuetude, though the salaries remian.      

1774 Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772, 128  The police of Glasgow consists of three bodies; the magistrates with the town council, the merchants house, and the trades house. 

1781 C. Johnston Hist. J. Juniper I. 110 An insinuation so injurious to the honour of my country; which is governed by so supremely vigilant and wise a police. 

1863 H. Cox Instit. iii. vi. 667 The police of the country, by which is meant that department of government which has for its object the maintenance of the internal peace and prevention of crimes, the protection of public order and public health. 

5. a.The civil force to which is entrusted the duty of maintaining public order, enforcing regulations for the prevention and punishment of breaches of the law, and detecting crime; construed as pl., the members of a police force; the constabulary of a locality.

1830 Jekyll Corr. 13 Nov., It is incredible with what spirit and firmness the new police has defeated the canaille.   

b. transf. Any body of men, officially instituted or employed to keep order, enforce regulations, or maintain a political or ecclesiastical system.

1840 Macaulay Ess., Ranke (1851) II. 132 The new spiritual police was every where. 

1855 Prescott Philip II, ii. vi. (1857) 259 To maintain the troops in the Netherlands, as an armed police on which he could rely to enforce the execution of his orders. 

1859 Mill Liberty 52/1 They employ a moral police, which occasionally becomes a physical one, to deter skilful workmen from receiving, and employers from giving, a larger remuneration for a more useful service. 

c. (As a count noun.) A policeman. Chiefly Sc. and U.S. colloq.

1839 Chicago American 5 Sept., There is a police in attendance...in the theatre. 

1856 ‘Mark Twain’ Adv. Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass (1928) 8 He was a police. 

1951 M. McLuhan Mechanical Bride 107/2 Joyce's famous remark that, ‘though he might have been more humble, there's no police like Holmes,’ contains a world of insight.  

1964 J. H. Clarke Harlem 277 He crawled out of th' door hollerin' for a police to save him. 

1975 Caribbean Contact Feb. 14/1 His father was a police and his mother, familiarly known as ‘Sister Lu’, a laundry worker.

 

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