英语语法网 英语词汇网 高考英语网 中考英语网
精心组稿 精巧编排 精彩纷呈 全心打造英语第一品牌!
加入收藏
网站地图
购点说明
首    页 | 语法新闻 | 名词用法 | 代词用法 | 冠词用法 | 数词用法 | 介词用法 | 连词用法 | 形容词用法 | 副词用法 | 比较等级 | 动词用法 | 连系动词 | 情态动词 | 动词时态 | 被动语态 | 虚拟语气 | 非谓语动词 | 疑问句 | 祈使句 | 感叹句 | 否定句 | 倒装句 | 强调句 | there be存在句 | 省略句 | 独立主格 | 主谓一致 | 状语从句 | 定语从句 | 名词性从句 | it用法 | 语法练习 | 语法考试 | 语法综合 | 句子成分 | 语法连载 | 语法著作 | 英语语料库 | 语法与翻译 | 双语阅读 | 语法与惯用法 | 语法与写作 | 期刊精选 | 语法观点 | 语法挑刺 | 下载中心 | 开心一刻 | 会员之家 | 专家顾问 | 百家讲坛 | 答疑中心
您现在的位置: 首页 > 英语语法 > 语法与翻译 >
1986-1990年考研翻译题及参考答案
作者:佚名    文章来源:转载    点击数:    更新时间:2007/11/24    
        ★★★ 【字体:
说明:引用此文请注明出处,并务请保留后面的有效链接地址,谢谢!

 

1990年考研翻译题及参考答案

 

Section III English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (21) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture. ”

(22) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (23) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.

Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (24) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (25) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (26) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (27) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (28) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.(www.yygrammar.com)

Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.

21. 他们想要说明,为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。

22. 在这场争论中,赞成天性一方的那些人认为,我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。

23. 这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的。

24. 行为主义者坚信,人像象机器一样,对环境的刺激作出反应,这是他们行为的基础。

25. 支持天性论的人坚持说,我们生来就具有一定的学习才能,这是由生物因素决定的。

26. 行为主义者认为,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么,这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

27. 在美国,黑人在标准化智力测试中的成绩常常低于白人。

28. 相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其它环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

 

 

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页

引用地址:
文章录入:admin    责任编辑:admin 
  • 上一篇文章:

  • 下一篇文章:
  • 发表评论】【加入收藏】【告诉好友】【打印此文】【关闭窗口
    网友评论:(只显示最新10条。评论内容只代表网友观点,与本站立场无关!)